Backcountry skiing offers an exciting and rewarding way to experience the mountains, far from the crowded ski resorts. However, this type of skiing also comes with its own set of challenges and risks. For beginners, it’s important to approach backcountry skiing with care, preparation, and the right knowledge. Whether you’re new to skiing or simply looking to take your skills to the next level, this guide will help you understand the basics of backcountry skiing, the equipment you need, and how to stay safe while exploring off-piste terrain.
What Is Backcountry Skiing?
Backcountry skiing involves skiing outside of the marked trails at a ski resort. The appeal is the chance to ski untouched, powder-filled slopes, often in more remote and scenic areas. Unlike regular downhill skiing, backcountry skiing takes place in unpatrolled areas, which means there are no ski lifts and no safety personnel. This offers skiers the opportunity to connect more deeply with nature, but it also requires a higher level of skill, awareness, and preparation.
While the sport offers a thrilling experience, it comes with risks such as avalanches, difficult terrain, and unpredictable weather. That’s why it’s essential for beginners to learn proper techniques and safety protocols before venturing into the backcountry.
The Basics: What You Need to Know Before You Start
Before you even think about heading to the backcountry, there are a few things you need to get right.
1. Understand the Terrain
Backcountry skiing takes place in natural, often rugged terrain, and it’s crucial to understand how to navigate it. This means learning about things like tree coverage, open spaces, and the possibility of encountering steep or uneven slopes. Some areas will require you to traverse avalanche-prone zones, and you should know how to read snow conditions and forecast weather changes. This knowledge will help you choose the right routes and make safe decisions in the backcountry.
2. Learn About Avalanche Safety
Avalanche safety is critical. The possibility of an avalanche is always present in backcountry terrain, which is why every skier should know how to use avalanche safety equipment. This includes an avalanche transceiver, a probe, and a shovel. It’s also essential to take an avalanche safety course before heading into the backcountry. These courses teach you how to identify avalanche risks, how to search for someone who’s been buried, and how to rescue them if necessary.
3. Be Prepared for the Unexpected
The backcountry can be unpredictable, and being prepared for the unexpected is a must. The weather can change quickly, and conditions can go from sunny and calm to stormy and dangerous in a matter of hours. Always pack extra clothing, snacks, and a first aid kit. A map and compass are essential, or you can use a GPS device, but never solely rely on electronic tools. Make sure someone knows your planned route and when to expect you back. It’s also a good idea to ski with a partner in case of an emergency.
Key Equipment for Backcountry Skiing
The equipment you use for backcountry skiing is different from what you’d use at a resort. When you ski in the backcountry, you’ll need gear that helps you travel uphill, ski downhill, and stay safe in challenging environments. Below are the essential items to start with.
1. Backcountry Skis and Bindings
Backcountry skis are designed to handle both uphill and downhill travel. They are generally lighter than traditional skis and are built to help you move easily through deep snow. You’ll need specialized backcountry bindings that allow for both uphill and downhill motion. These bindings are different from those used in alpine skiing because they let you lift your heels when you’re skiing uphill.
Some bindings are designed to work with “tech” boots that have a specific toe and heel system, allowing for more efficient climbing. Others are hybrid bindings, designed to work with both alpine and touring boots.
2. Climbing Skins
Climbing skins are attached to the bottom of your skis to give you traction when you’re moving uphill. These skins are made from either mohair or synthetic materials, and they have a sticky side that grips the snow. Once you’re ready to ski downhill, the skins are easily removed and packed away.
3. Avalanche Safety Gear
As mentioned earlier, avalanche safety is a top priority in backcountry skiing. Your avalanche safety kit should include:
Avalanche Beacon (Transceiver): This device allows you to send and receive signals to help locate people buried in an avalanche.
Probe: A long, collapsible pole used to pinpoint the exact location of someone buried in the snow.
Shovel: A collapsible shovel is essential for digging out someone if they’ve been trapped in an avalanche.
Additionally, you may want to wear an avalanche airbag backpack, which can inflate in the event of an avalanche to help you stay above the snow.
4. Ski Boots and Poles
Backcountry ski boots are different from regular ski boots. They are designed to be more flexible, making it easier to walk uphill. They also have a mechanism that allows you to switch between a stiff mode for downhill skiing and a more flexible mode for uphill hiking.
Poles are essential for balance and propulsion when you’re traveling uphill. Adjustable poles are ideal for backcountry skiing, as they allow you to change the length based on the terrain.
5. Clothing and Layering
The right clothing is key to staying comfortable in the backcountry. Layering is important, as it allows you to adjust your clothing based on changing weather conditions. For backcountry skiing, you’ll want moisture-wicking base layers, an insulating mid-layer, and a waterproof, windproof outer layer. A helmet and goggles are also recommended for protection.
6. A Backpack
A small, lightweight backpack is essential for carrying your gear, food, and water. Many backcountry skiers use specialized backpacks that are designed to hold avalanche gear, snacks, a first aid kit, and extra clothing.
Basic Techniques for Backcountry Skiing
Once you have the right gear, it’s time to learn some basic techniques to navigate the backcountry.
1. Skinning Uphill
When skiing uphill, you’ll need to use a technique called “skinning,” where you attach climbing skins to your skis to give you traction. Keep your body upright and use a steady, consistent rhythm to climb the slope. Use your poles to help with balance and propulsion. Remember, uphill skiing can be physically demanding, so pace yourself and take breaks when needed.
2. Turning on the Ascent
Backcountry terrain is rarely flat, and you’ll likely encounter steep areas. To make turns while climbing, use a “kick-turn,” which involves lifting one ski and turning it to face the other direction. This technique helps you maneuver around obstacles and steep slopes.
3. Skiing Downhill
Once you reach the top of the mountain, it’s time to ski downhill. Backcountry skiing on fresh snow can be challenging because the terrain is often more varied than at a resort. Start slowly and make sure you’re comfortable with your equipment and snow conditions. Make wide, controlled turns, and avoid skiing too fast on unfamiliar terrain.
Safety Tips for Backcountry Skiing
Safety should always be your top priority in the backcountry. Here are a few essential tips to help you stay safe:
Know the Avalanche Forecast: Always check the avalanche risk level before heading out. Many countries and ski regions offer avalanche forecasting services to help you stay informed about current conditions.
Stick to Known Routes: If you’re new to backcountry skiing, try to stay on well-established routes and terrain that others have skied before.
Always Ski with a Partner: It’s safer to have at least one partner with you in case something goes wrong. Skiing alone increases your risks.
Stay Hydrated and Well-Fueled: Bring enough water and snacks to keep your energy levels up throughout the day.
Know Your Limits: Don’t push yourself too hard, especially if you’re new to the sport. Take it slow, and don’t attempt routes that are beyond your current skill level.
Conclusion
Backcountry skiing can be one of the most thrilling and rewarding outdoor activities you can experience. However, it requires preparation, knowledge, and a commitment to safety. By starting with the basics, investing in the right gear, and taking the time to learn proper techniques, you can enjoy everything that backcountry skiing has to offer.
Remember, the mountains are beautiful and wild, and you’ll want to respect them by being well-prepared. Start slow, and over time, you’ll build the skills and experience needed to tackle more advanced routes. Above all, enjoy the journey as you explore the breathtaking landscapes of the backcountry.