Telemark skiing is a type of downhill skiing that combines elements of alpine and Nordic skiing. It is known for the distinctive technique where the skier bends one knee and lunges forward into turns. Unlike alpine skiing, Telemark skiers use free-heel bindings, allowing for greater flexibility and movement. This style is often called “free-heel skiing” and originated in the Telemark region of Norway during the 19th century.
Telemark skiing is popular among backcountry enthusiasts and those who seek a more dynamic and graceful skiing experience. It offers a full-body workout and requires balance, strength, and coordination.
The History and Evolution of Telemark Skiing
The roots of Telemark skiing trace back to Norway in the 1860s. Sondre Norheim, often called the father of modern skiing, developed the technique. He combined the use of curved skis with a binding system that allowed his heel to lift while still being attached at the toe. This gave skiers more control and freedom in turns.
Telemark skiing remained popular in Norway but was overshadowed by alpine skiing as ski lifts and downhill resorts grew in the 20th century. However, in the 1970s and 1980s, a revival took place in the United States, especially in the Rocky Mountains. Enthusiasts brought new gear and techniques that made Telemark skiing more accessible and efficient.
Key Characteristics of Telemark Skiing
Telemark skiing differs from traditional alpine skiing in several ways:
Free-Heel Bindings: The heel is not fixed, allowing the skier to perform the signature lunging turn.
Telemark Turn: A fluid motion that involves bending the inside knee and extending the outside ski, forming a lunge position.
Weight Distribution: Proper balance is essential. Weight is distributed between both skis in a forward-backward stance.
Basic Telemark Techniques
The Telemark Stance
The foundation of all Telemark skiing starts with the Telemark stance. In this position:
- The front leg is bent at the knee.
- The rear leg is extended behind, with the heel lifted.
- Shoulders stay square to the slope.
- Arms are extended for balance.
The Telemark Turn
The Telemark turn is the defining movement. Here’s how to perform it:
Initiate the turn by shifting weight to the downhill ski.
Bend the inside knee and bring it forward into a lunge.
Let the skis carve through the arc of the turn.
Use your upper body for balance and pole planting for timing.
Linking Turns
Linking turns in Telemark skiing requires rhythm and flow. Alternate lunges as you transition from one turn to the next. Keep your movements smooth and consistent, always focusing on your center of gravity.
Stopping Techniques
Stopping in Telemark skiing involves similar mechanics to parallel skiing:
- Use a hockey stop by turning both skis across the slope.
- Apply pressure to both skis evenly to reduce speed.
- Control the angle of the skis to adjust braking power.
Essential Equipment for Telemark Skiing
Telemark Skis
Modern Telemark skis are similar to alpine skis but are usually lighter and more flexible. Many skis have a waist width between 80–110 mm, depending on the terrain.
Choose your skis based on your primary skiing environment—narrower skis for groomed runs, wider ones for powder and backcountry.
Telemark Bindings
Bindings are the most critical component in Telemark skiing. They allow the heel to lift while keeping the toe attached. There are three main types:
75mm Nordic Norm: Traditional bindings used by early Telemark skiers. Sturdy but heavy.
New Telemark Norm (NTN): Modern system with more control and safety features. Ideal for intermediate to advanced skiers.
Cable Bindings: Use a cable around the boot heel to provide tension and control.
Telemark Boots
Boots must be compatible with your binding system. They offer flexibility at the toe and ankle to allow lunging movements. Modern boots are made of lightweight plastics and provide good ankle support and warmth.
Poles
Poles are used for balance, timing, and propulsion. They should reach from the ground to your armpits. Strong grips and wrist straps help in rough terrain.
Protective Gear
Because of the demanding nature of Telemark skiing, protective gear is essential:
Helmet: Protects your head during falls or collisions.
Knee Pads: Recommended due to the deep lunges involved.
Goggles: Ensure good visibility in snow and glare.
Telemark Skiing Tips for Beginners
Start on Easy Terrain
Choose gentle slopes and wide-open areas. Learning on steep terrain increases risk and difficulty.
Focus on Balance
Balance is key. Practice static lunges to develop the right posture. Strengthen your core to maintain stability while turning.
Take a Lesson
Many ski schools now offer Telemark instruction. A certified instructor can correct form, prevent injury, and help you progress faster.
Use Shorter Skis
Shorter skis are easier to control and turn. They help beginners practice lunges and edge control with less effort.
Watch Your Knees
Because of the lunging motion, your knees are under stress. Warm up before skiing and stretch afterward to avoid strain or injury.
Advanced Telemark Skiing Techniques
Carving
Carving in Telemark skiing involves using the ski edges to cut into the snow. You must apply consistent pressure on both skis while maintaining the Telemark stance. Look ahead and keep movements smooth.
Moguls and Powder
In moguls, stay flexible and use quicker, tighter turns. In powder, adopt a wider stance and keep the skis slightly closer to the surface to float better.
Backcountry Techniques
Backcountry Telemark skiing requires avalanche training, good navigation skills, and proper safety gear. Use skins for uphill travel and switch bindings into tour mode when climbing.
Common Mistakes in Telemark Skiing
Leaning Back: Leads to instability. Always keep your weight centered.
Not Switching Stance: Some beginners forget to alternate lunges, resulting in fatigue and poor form.
Overextending the Back Leg: Causes imbalance. Keep both knees flexed and engaged.
Conclusion
Telemark skiing is ideal for those who want a more dynamic and expressive form of skiing. While it requires effort and patience to learn, the rewards include improved fitness, enhanced control, and a unique way to enjoy the mountains.
Whether you’re a backcountry explorer or a resort enthusiast, Telemark skiing can add excitement and challenge to your winter sport experience. Start with the basics, choose the right gear, and build your skills gradually.